Heart structure

 The human heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the chest and is roughly the size of a fist. It has four chambers: two atria (left and right) and two ventricles (left and right). The atria receive blood, and the ventricles pump blood out of the heart.


- Atria: The upper chambers that receive blood from the body (right atrium) and the lungs (left atrium).

- Ventricles: The lower chambers responsible for pumping blood to the body (left ventricle) and the lungs (right ventricle).


The heart is divided into the left and right sides by a septum to ensure oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood do not mix. Valves, such as the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, control the flow of blood between the chambers.


The heart is surrounded by a protective sac called the pericardium and is supplied with oxygen and nutrients by the coronary arteries and veins. The rhythmic beating of the heart is controlled by an electrical system, ensuring the coordinated contraction of its muscles to pump blood effectively.



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